Essay #2. After The Russian Revolution, There Was A Lot

Essay #2 After the Russian Revolution, there was a lot of confusion on how to establish institutions strong enough to rebuild and hold the state and society together. An issue with Marxism is that it is is not a theory of governance, rather a theory of how to bring a socialist regime into power—hence explaining the lack of guidance. At this time, Lenin took control. But after his death, the Russians were once again faced with appointing a leader to direct them. The domestic and international conditions in which the Soviet Union found itself, the legacy of Leninist ideology and organization, and Stalin’s overall character were all factors that helped determine the policies Stalin adopted. When the Bolsheviks overthrew the Tsarists, there†¦show more content†¦Stalin s rise to power was a combination of his ability to manipulate situations and the failure of others to prevent him from taking power. Leon Trotsky, who was considered a contender for the position, lost because of his lack of â€Å"physical vitality at the crucial time†¦ and failed to recognize the rules of the succession struggle or of mass politics generally† (Von Laue 103). Stalin’s ethics and firsthand experience in the popular political culture—a leader rising from the masses— enabled him to take over Lenin’s position. Stalin’s approach to governing was shaped by his troubled childhood, â€Å"nationalistic struggle within the multinational Russian empire, by the revolutionary underground and the tsarist police, by World War I, by the Bolshevik seizure of power, the civil war, and the succession struggle† (Von Laue 104.) Additionally, the We stern world also had an impact on how Stalin directed and imposed his power. Between 1900-1902, Lenin led the effort to introduce communism into Russia. He â€Å"adapted Marxism to Russian use and devised a persuasive prescription for Russian superiority†¦ Its stress on universal working-class solidarity allowed an escape from the divisive nationalism threatening the multinational Russian empire.† (Von Laue 61), but his approach still focused on the need for an apocalyptic class struggle to overthrow the oppressing regime, leading into a millenarian socialist society. HeShow MoreRelated1905 Revolution Essay1621 Words   |  7 Pages1905 Revolution These days we call anything a revolutionà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦[1] To decide whether or not any event is a revolution I must first set some parameters to define my personal idea of what a revolution is. I believe a revolution to be a radical change of anything, not just political. I believe this as from history labelling the Renaissance as a revolution, yet it lacked political change. 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Definition Inflation is a sustained increase in overall level of prices, as measured by some broad index (such as Consumer Price Index) over months or years, and mirrored in the correspondingly decreasing purchasingRead MoreWhy Did Revolution Break Out in Russia in 1905?4224 Words   |  17 PagesWhy did Revolution break out in Russia in 1905? In 1905, thousands of people gathered outside the Winter Palace, demanding change and immediate reform. Although their revolt was ultimately unsuccessful, it is important to wonder why many people were disgruntled with the Tsarist regime. 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Allegory Of The Cave And The Matrix Analysis - 1986 Words

Down the Rabbit Hole â€Å"A world without rules and controls, without borders or boundaries. A world where anything is possible,† (The Matrix). These words spoken at the conclusion of the Wachowski Brothers’ 1999 film, The Matrix, by the main character Neo represent a deeper meaning and a connection to ancient literature many people viewing the film might not realize. This quote relates to a work of literature more than two millennia old, the narrative by Plato called The Allegory of the Cave. Much like how Neo must endure the stages of enlightenment to rise from the blissful ignorance controlled by the matrix in the movie, in The Allegory of the Cave Plato depicts the enlightenment of prisoners who lived in a cave for all of their lives and†¦show more content†¦Even so, Neo eventually accepts the world he lives in, and learns to how to adapt to it while dueling Morpheus in the construct and dodging bullets from an agent. Finally, at the end of the movie, Neo reaches enlightenment when he not only stops bullets, but also alters the matrix by destroying Agent Smith. Both Plato and the Wachowski Brothers used similar plot elements to depict the struggle to achieve enlightenment. Conversely, differences also exist between the plots of The Allegory of the Cave and The Matrix. While both the men in the allegory and Neo live from birth in their seclusion, The Matrix differs slightly from the allegory, as Neo has a feeling that the matrix exists, and actively tries to discover what the matrix is, while the men in the cave do not try, or even think to try to escape their bondage. Additionally, when Morpheus frees Neo from the matrix Neo has the option to stay ignorant, however he choses knowledge for himself by taking the red pill that allows Morpheus to show him â€Å"how deep the rabbit hole goes† (The Matrix). In contrast, the man in Plato’s Allegory stands freed by his captors, and is forced into the light. Finally, when Neo returns to the matrix after his enlightenment, he understands the matrix better than he did before his enlightenment. On the contrary, in the allegory the man returning to the cave from the light does not understand the shado ws any longer, and the men who never left the cave mock the enlightened manShow MoreRelatedThe Matrix And The Allegory Of The Cave Analysis1102 Words   |  5 PagesWritten over two thousand years apart, The Matrix and The Allegory of the Cave still stir up the same type of intellectual discussions over full enlightenment despite taking place in an entirely different world. Written between 380 and 360 B.C, The Allegory of the Cave, depicts a hypothetical situation in which a group of prisoners have been chained since birth only able to see the shadows casted on to the wall in front of them. They know nothing more than the shadows they see on the wall, completelyRead MoreThe Matrix And Allegory Of The Cave Analysis769 Words   |  4 Pagesboth The Matrix and Allegory of the Cave. The Matrix, written by Lana Wachowski illustrates many questions throughout. The main character, Neo, tries finding Morpheus in need of an answer to his question. What is the Matrix? Considering, Morpheus is the most dangerous man alive, he does all that he can to find him. Neo is approached by Trinity and led to the underworld to meet Morpheus. They soon realize that Neo is â€Å"The One† who can defeat the Matrix. Similarly,The Allegory of the Cave,which tookRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book Allegory Of The Cave And The Wachoskis The Matrix921 Words   |  4 PagesIn addition, the people in the allegory give up to walked out of the cave that still back to the dark. Besides in the movie, Neo found out that which the world, which he lived a long time was the in illusory world. Both of Plato’s â€Å"Allegory of the Cave† and the Wachoskis’ The Matrix are involved in this principles; however, they are having some similarities and differences that between their changes and their worlds. In the allegory, the people who lived in the cave is restrained with the iron ropeRead MoreComparing The Matrix With Readings From Plato And Descartes1023 Words   |  5 Pagescontrasting The Matrix with readings from Plato and Descartes This essay will discuss The Matrix, from synopsis of the following; The Republic by Plato, depicting the famous cave allegory, and Meditations on First Philosophy by Descartes, offering doubt that some senses are accurate. By examining these two readings, and the movie, it will allow the author to show some comparisons, and to show how they are also different as this essay indicates the world is very real. The Matrix In The MatrixRead MoreEssay on The Matrix and Plato’s Allegory of the Cave 1922 Words   |  8 Pagesand what is simply illusion brought by our subjective view of the world? But when attempting to understand the nature of our existence, about why we are here, the complexities of life often make it difficult to interpret this subject. The film The Matrix centers on this same concept that the known world is an illusion. The movies core theme of reality and illusion is definite to the humans understanding of what the true meaning of life is. Ones understanding of reality is only defined by their choiceRead MoreAnalysis of Film The Matrix Essay1575 Words   |  7 PagesAnalysis of Film The Matrix The Matrix, released at Easter in 1999, is both a piece of cinematic entertainment and a film portraying religious and philosophical allegories. 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Throughout her analysis of Plato, Irigaray is wary of the assumptions plagued when reading Plato and gives further reason for pause andRead MoreThe And Of The Cave1314 Words   |  6 Pageswith his cave allegory explained in Lecture I: Plato (Lecture I: Plato, 2015, Dr. Jung-Yeup Kim). Human beings live in a cave in which they are prisoners. In order to be set free and to leave this cave, it is primordial for them to use mental analysis, in order words their reason. However, they might risk imprisoning themselves in a blinding logic by over reasoning and over rationalizing. Hence, it is necessary to understand how the use of reason permits individuals to escape from the cave. A humanRead MoreCartesian and Platonic Philosophical Themes in The Matrix Essay2065 Words   |  9 Pagesin the movie The Matrix. It will step through how the questions from the movie directly relate to both skepticism and the mind-body problem, and further how similarly those problems look to concepts raised by both Descartes’ and Plato’s philosophies. It will attempt to show that many of the questions raised in the movie are metaphor for concepts from each philosopher’s works, and why those concepts are important in relation to how they are presented in the film. In this analysis, we will examineRead More Platos The Republic and The Old Testament Essay2260 Words   |  10 Pagesprovide us with a more acute representation of those themes and ideas than would any individual portion thereof. The Perennial Philosophy, then, is exactly the point of view I will work from as I elucidate the connections between Plato’s allegory of the Cave and the Judeo-Christian myths. Both of these accounts, I will argue, make reference to precisely the same state of wakefulness that we encountered in the Buddhist parable above, but each does it in a manner constrained by the historical and

Understanding the Principles of Business Law

Task1 Jackson Fertilisers Ltd (JFL) carried on business making fertilizers for agricultural use. Advise JFL with regards to the following transactions whereby two of their customers are refusing to pay for the goods supplied. A) A sale to Greenwich Nurseries Ltd of three separate consignments of shelled widget nuts, each of which was found on delivery to be contaminated with widget shells as follows: Lot 1 as to 0.03 per cent; Lot 2 as to 9.7 per cent; Lot 3 as to 73 per cent. B) One bag of copra cake sole to Rose-Hill Rose Centre at a specially low price. The cake was so adulterated with castor oil that all the buyers roses dies after being treated with it. Such copra was normally sold for use on root crops and would not have harmed root crops. JFL knows nothing of the peculiarities of roses. Task 2 Last summer, Angela went on a spending spree and signed in respect of the following items three conditional sale agreements with Credit Finance Ltd, each of which complied with all legal formalities: a television for 785, including a 50 charge for aerial erection; a video recorder for 690; and a second-hand moped for 300. So far, Angela has paid under the three agreements respectively 270, 240 and 90. Having just been made redundant, Angela has not made any payments in respect of the instalments due last month. She has just received a notice informing her that, as all three accounts are in arrears, Credit Finance Ltd have instructed ABC Repossessions Ltd to repossess all three items. Besides asking you to advice generally, Angela in particular asked the following question. 1) As to the television, whether she must honour a term of the agreement allowing Credit Finance Ltd entry to her flat at any reasonable time of day to collect their goods. 2) As to the video recorder, whether she should accept the return of the last 20 instalment in respect of which Credit Finance Ltd claim that the clerk to whom she made payment had no authority to accept it. 3) As to the moped, whether she can safely continue to park it overnight under her car-park. Task 3 Cocoa, a major input into the chocolate making process is imported by two companies namely, Best Chocolate Ltd and Sweet Candy Ltd. Best Chocolate Ltd is the major importer and supplies over 80% of the cocoa on the island. Two years ago, Best Chocolate Ltd opened a subsidiary chocolate company, Kitville, thus entering into the chocolate manufacturing and distribution market in the country. In so doing, Best Chocolate Ltd made a strategic decision that it will only supply cocoa to companies who use cocoa for purposes other than chocolate production. Best Chocolate Ltds cocoa is regarded as the best cocoa known in this part of the world and is ideal for making delicious and creamy chocolates. Best Chocolate Ltd has an exclusive agreement with the grower of this cocoa in Colombia. Sweet Candy Ltds cocoa is not premium and the quality has been questioned. You are required to advise on the impact the above can have on competition. Task 4 TopClothes is a large UK clothes outlet for leading brands in many cities. The company is considering creating a try-it-online web site for customers to visualise through the web site how clothes look on themselves. Topclothes is not the first company to provide an online provision of this type. 1) Explain how TopClothes can protect its intellectual property for the new service using: i) trade marks; ii) copyright and design rights; iii) domain names. 2) Another UK company, Virtualretail, has complained that TopClothes has copied its ideas for the ecommerce facility and is therefore infringing its intellectual property rights. On what grounds might Virtualretail take legal action? Task 1 JFL is in the business of making fertilizers. These fertilizers are used for agriculture purpose. It has made certain sale to certain customers who have refused to pay for the goods supplied to them Shelled widget nuts were sold under three separate consignments to Green which Nurseries Ltd. the sale was made in three separate lots and each lot was contaminated with widget shell. When widget shell gets contaminated than the quality of the fertilizers deteriorate. As per part II section 6 of sale of goods Act in case if goods have perished or the quality is very bad then the contract stands void. The buyer needs to establish the fact that the quality was such at the time of sale. (Sale of Goods Act, 1979) In our case Lot 1 and Lot 2 will not get rejected as they are contaminated but with very less percentage but the Lot3 will get rejected as it has 73% contamination. Here the when Rose Hill Rose Center used the copra cake on the roses all of them died. This question can be answered in both ways. First it was the duty of the seller to inform the buyer regarding the usability of the product. Al least it should have quoted the uses and non-uses over the product cover. So in such case as per Sale of Goods Act, the seller has to compensate the buyer for such loss. On the other side it was the responsibility of the buyer to get full information for the product it has purchased and use it as per the prescription. So in the other case the seller will not be required to compensate for the loss. (Sale of Goods Act, 1979) Task 2 Angela purchased under installment payment system from Credit Finance Ltd three things. One was a television which was for 785 but she paid till date only 270, the other was a video recorder which was of 690 and she paid only 240 till date and the last one was second hand moped which was of 300 and she paid till date 90. She failed to honor the coming installment. As per Sale of Goods Act, in case if the buyer is unable to pay price at the time when it becomes due then the seller has a right to repossess the goods after waiting for a stipulated period. So in our case Credit Finance Ltd can reposes all three goods sold to Angela under installment payment system. Regarding the time at which the company can enter the flat is during the day time and not at the night time. Here she paid 20 to clerk of Credit Finance Ltd. here in case if the clerk has no authority to collect the amount and such was within the knowledge of Angela then she can sue the clerk but she has to make separate payment to the company. Clerk working with the company has a right to get money due from the customers of the company in which it works. In such case the company can demand from the clerk No, she cannot now park the moped. It will be repossessed by the company. Task 3 Best chocolate Ltd and Sweet Candy Ltd are the major importers of Cocoa which is the major input to the chocolate making process. Best Ltd import 80% of the total import. The company has made a subsidiary company and allotted the distribution to it. It has made a strategic decision that it will supply cocoa to only those industries which use it for producing for purposes other than chocolate. This is a case where the company Best Ltd is trying to create a situation that will lead to monopoly of its possession. It has entered into restrictive trade practice agreement wherein the dealer were not allowed to use the cocoa to produce chocolate. Such agreement and rule made by the company is void ab initio. The answer is made as per Competition Commission Act 1998. (Legislation.gov.uk, 1998) Task 4 Trademarks: The Company can register trademark for the company itself or for the product it sell. The company should be careful regarding it does not copy the trademark that already exists. The name should not be similar. The company can take permission from those already registered and then can make its own trademark Copyrights and design rights: Such right can be used for a particular number of years after which it expires. If the design of the company is innovative that it never existed in the market than it can get it process or idea patented or its new design patented. The right is also limited to particular number of years after which it expires iii. Domain names : The domain name should also be such that it does not match with the domain name of other existing companies. The company Virtualretial can take legal action on TopClothes for copying their idea for the e commerce facility. It can sue the company and demand compensation for breach of infringement rights References Sale of Goods Act 1979, 2008, Agreement of sections, viewed on 11th January 2015. Legislation.gov.uk, 1998, Competition Act 1998, , viewed on 11th January 2015

Nature of the Emission By Union ETS Samples †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Nature of the Emission By Union ETS. Answer: Introduction: The present study is concerned with the in depth discussion relating to the nature of emission stated by the European Union ETS. The current study is also based on the determination of the method involved in the measuring the initial and the subsequent level together with the help of the appropriate journal entries. In addition to this, the report will be placing emphasis on the consequences that arises from the inclusion of emission allowance on the financial statement namely, balance sheet, income statement and cash flow statement. Nature of the Emission Allowance: The lawful nature concerning the emission allowance is issued and traded within the guidelines of the European Union Emission Trading Scheme and it is not defined or consistent at the European level. As defined under the Emission Trading Scheme Directive Article 3 (a) provides the definition of the emission allowance. It further defines the right to emit with one tonne of CO2 under the article 3 (a) of the Emission Trading Scheme Directive (Zhang et al., 2015). This is will be considered to be valid for the purpose of complying with the requirements stated under the Emission Trading Scheme Directive and it will be treated as manageable in agreement with the provision that has been stated under the Emission Trading Scheme Directive (Zakeri et al., 2015). The nature concerning the emission allowance will be treated to be relevant under the issues that has been stated below; At the time of determining the law that manages the creation, transfer and cessation of the emission allowances, Whether there is any kind of security that can be developed over the emission allowance Management of emission allowance relating toaccounting and tax purpose Management of emission allowance at the time of bankruptcy of the listed holder To take into the considerations relating to the oversight of the carbon market it is vital to determine the legality nature of the individual entity, which is being traded in the market. There are large number of legalised administrations, which is traded in the market (Chao, 2014). A large number of lawful regimes is found to be involved in the regulations of the emission allowance, which brings forward the number of legal questions relating to law of property, law relating to financial service or law relating to contracts andaccounting standard. An entity can break into the all-encompassing markets which usually consists of the distributions of the allowance from the accountable agency or any institutions relating to the parties which is under the obligations of complying with the emission trading system. The secondary market on the other hand consist of purchase and sale of allowance together with numerous contracts for future sales of allowance (Goulder Schein, 2013). Emission allowance under the market for trading have resemblances with commodities and monetary market that possess unlikely feature in either of the market. The oversight relating to any form of carbon market is largely reliant on the current institutional infrastructure with jurisdiction have role to play in adopting the correct approach to the market oversight (Dong et al., 2016). The characteristics that have been defined in article 40 of registry principles defines an allowance to be dematerialized tool that is tradable in the market. Initial and subsequent measurement of Emission Allowance: Tentatively the board has come up to the decision of measuring the emission allowance. The board has specifically stated in its decision that there must be consistent in the liability of the emission allowance together with the allocation of the liability must be executed initially and subsequently under the terms of fair value (Zhang Xu, 2013). Tentatively the board has undertook the decision relating to the purchase allowance, which should be measured under the terms of fair value both initially and subsequently. A preference has been introduced by the IASB that describes the gross presentation should be made relating to the assets and liabilities on the balance sheet (Du et al., 2013). Additionally, in accordance with the linked presentations, the assets and liabilities should be presented under the gross value but the value should be obtainable with the total amount of net emission or the emission liability. Tentatively the FASB has bought forward an assertion by stating that the asset and liabilities should be stated in the balance sheet by using the linked presentation (Agee et al., 2014). The FASB additionally bought forward that in no circumstances it believes that any commercial entity will be obligatory required to possess the intent of setting off the asset and liabilities to present the items through using linked presentation. As evident from the discussion, the board has defined that the measurement concerning the emission allowance assets and liabilities should be in accordance with the scheme of cap and trade. Tentatively the board has made the decision that the allocation of emission allowance liability should be consistent (Bang et al., 2017). The board members has lend their backing for the model that helps in the measurement of the allocated allowance along with the liability associated with allocation must be measured in terms of the fair value. The board discussion has stated that the business unit should determine the level of emission allowance, which the unit will be returning under the liability associated with the allocation at the time when the business unit is required to identify the obligations associated to emission (Rabe, 2016). A support has been lend by the board relating to the adoption of approach which determines the quantity of the emission allowance to be returned in respect of the business unit expectations related to emission or lessening of emission. Consequences of Emission Allowance on Financial Statement: Commercial unit under the intangible asset method ofaccounting are generally required to measure the emission allowance, which is provided to the companies and assimilated in the open market cost. As a consequence of this, when the companies are provided with the emission allowance it reflects a lone nominal zero cost (Ranson Stavins, 2016). In contrast to this, emission allowance, which is purchased, would be having an associated cost with them. Even though it is not regarded as one of the usually implemented practice in the intangible assetaccounting framework, it is necessary for the companies to replicate the delivered emission allowance upon receiving at the fair value. As per the disclosure made business units generally hardly amortize the emission credits. The reason behind this is that their economic benefit is not diminished till it is consumed. Consequently, no cost of credit is charged to the expenditure till they are disposed or used. The emission credits allowance is treated as the substance of impairment under the indefinite livid intangible asset model of the impairment or they are under the model of the fixed asset for the purpose of determinate intangible asset till the degree the business is amortizing the emission allowance (Schneider et al., 2017). Emission allowance are characterized in the long term balance sheet with cash inflows and outflows related to emissions allowance are categorized in the investment activities under the cash flow statement. The consequences relating to emission allowance is reflected in the financial statements in the inventory model of accounting and emission credits are weighted in respect of the average cost. The EPA issues emission credits or any sort of regulatory model having zero cost basis. Most notably the weighted average cost of emission allowance used in every period is charged to the fuel costs (Kaufman, 2013). Under the market, approach the emission credits is subject to lowered cost market approach for impairment under the model of inventory. Because of this, the emission allowance are categorized as the inventory in balance sheet with inflow and outflow of cash is related to the emission credits that is categorized in the operating activities in the cash flow statement. Commercial unit that trade under the emission allowance are under the compulsion of following the inventory model. As evident from both the models the practice of the industry states that business units are generally not required to record the requirements of delivering the emission allowance to the regulatory agency till it is found that actual level of emission for a given time period has exceeded the credits which is held on the balance sheet (Harris, 2016). Consequently, the gain is characteristically recognized during the given period in which the emission credits are disposed off. This kind of practice generally differs from the recognition of gain as numerous such companies have undertaken the accounting policies that needs the deferral of gain if the emission credits is granted in the upcoming years but it is disposed in the current year. Concerning the income statement there are primary two forms of significances of emission that is noticed. Initially it arises due to the usage of several diverse attributes for the correct asset and the liabilities under the IFRIC3 model. It arises because of the use of the IAS 38 model of cost for accounting the emission allowance asset along with the result originating from the mismatch amid the dimension of liability and it is measured again to ascertain the market value together with the changes in the net income by measuring the asset at cost (Schwager Etzkorn, 2017). Conversely if the commercial unit uses the method of revaluation in respect of the IAS 38, it is under the obligation of displaying the changes under the fair value of the allowance asset in the income statement together with changes that has occurred in the fair value of the liability in the net income. The second effect that originates in the income statement is the outline of expenses which is identified in the income statement. The approach of the IFRIC 3 states that present period of expense is equal to the amount of fair value emission which is generated all through the period and recognizes the income which is equal to the amortization of the government grant associated with the allowance. Implementing the net approach will lead the liability to be reflected in the balance sheet and expenses is recorded in the income statement provided that the actual level of emission has surpassed the whole amount of allowance allotted to the unit on free price by the administration. Conclusion: The above stated report can be concluded by stating that an explanation to the nature of the emission has been discussed in this report. Additionally, the report has discussed on the emission relating to the method of emission of the allowance at the time of measurement during the initial and the subsequent level by citing the examples of appropriate journal entries. The report has in detailed discussed the consequences of emission allowance on the financial statements. The discussion of consequences has placed emphasis on the key areas of balance sheet, income statement and cash flow statement. References: Agee, M. D., Atkinson, S. E., Crocker, T. D., Williams, J. W. (2014). Non-separable pollution control: implications for a CO 2 emissions cap and trade system.Resource and Energy Economics,36(1), 64-82. Bang, G., Victor, D. G., Andresen, S. (2017). Californias Cap-and-Trade System: Diffusion and Lessons.Global Environmental Politics. Chao, C. C. (2014). Assessment of carbon emission costs for air cargo transportation.Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment,33, 186-195. Dong, C., Shen, B., Chow, P. S., Yang, L., Ng, C. T. (2016). Sustainability investment under cap-and-trade regulation.Annals of Operations Research,240(2), 509-531. Du, S., Zhu, L., Liang, L., Ma, F. (2013). Emission-dependent supply chain and environment-policy-making in the cap-and-tradesystem.Energy Policy,57, 61-67. Goulder, L. H., Schein, A. R. (2013). Carbon taxes versus cap and trade: a critical review.Climate Change Economics,4(03), 1350010. Harris, L. (2016). Trading and Electronic Markets: What Investment Professionals Need to Know (a summary).Research Foundation Publications,2016(1), 24-30. Kaufman, P. J. (2013).Trading systems and methods. John Wiley Sons. Rabe, B. G. (2016). The Durability of Carbon Cap?and?Trade Policy.Governance,29(1), 103-119. Ranson, M., Stavins, R. N. (2016). Linkage of greenhouse gas emissions trading systems: Learning from experience.Climate Policy,16(3), 284-300. Schneider, L., Lazarus, M., Lee, C., van Asselt, H. (2017). Restricted linking of emissions trading systems: options, benefits, and challenges.International Environmental Agreements: Politics, Law and Economics, 1-16. Schwager, J. D., Etzkorn, M. (2017). An Introduction to Options on Futures.A Complete Guide to the Futures Market: Technical Analysis and Trading Systems, Fundamental Analysis, Options, Spreads, and Trading Principles, 477-485. Zakeri, A., Dehghanian, F., Fahimnia, B., Sarkis, J. (2015). Carbon pricing versus emissions trading: A supply chain planning perspective.International Journal of Production Economics,164, 197-205. Zhang, B., Xu, L. (2013). Multi-item production planning with carbon cap and trade mechanism.International Journal of Production Economics,144(1), 118-127. Zhang, Y. J., Wang, A. D., Tan, W. (2015). The impact of China's carbon allowance allocation rules on the product prices and emission reduction behaviors of ETS-covered enterprises.Energy Policy,86, 176-185.